Research Misconduct Policy

This policy explains how NINE handles suspected research misconduct in submitted and published work. It follows the guidance of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).

What counts as misconduct

• Plagiarism and self-plagiarism
• Fabrication or falsification of data, images or references
• Duplicate or simultaneous submission
• Manipulated authorship, including ghost and gift authorship
• Undisclosed conflicts of interest
• Manipulation of the review process

How to report a concern

Anyone may report a concern to info@reandpub.uz. Please name the article and describe the concern with evidence. Reports are treated confidentially.

How a concern is handled

1. The editor reviews the report and the evidence.
2. The authors are contacted and given the opportunity to respond.
3. If necessary, the editor consults reviewers, editorial board members or the authors’ institution.
4. The editor decides on the outcome and informs the parties involved.

Possible outcomes

• Before publication: rejection of the manuscript.
• After publication: a correction, an expression of concern or a retraction. Retracted articles remain online and are clearly marked.
• In serious cases, the authors’ institution may be informed and further submissions may be declined.