This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the major wear mechanisms observed in tribological systems, with particular attention to abrasive, adhesive, erosive, corrosive, and fatigue wear. Abrasive wear is primarily associated with progressive material removal from contacting surfaces, whereas adhesive wear develops when high contact stresses cause localized bonding and subsequent transfer of material between surfaces. Corrosive wear is mainly related to chemical or electrochemical interactions with the surrounding environment, while erosive wear is produced by repeated impacts of solid or liquid particles against a material surface. Fatigue wear, including contact fatigue, is generally caused by repeated cyclic loading, surface damage, and improper alignment of contacting components.Various approaches aimed at reducing wear are also considered, including the appropriate selection of engineering materials, surface texturing, and optimization of lubrication conditions. Particular emphasis is placed on the effects of surface roughness and structural integrity, as these factors can significantly influence the rate and severity of material degradation. The review further incorporates recent developments in wear-resistant materials, nanostructured surface coatings, and intelligent lubrication technologies. In addition, emerging research directions and current challenges are discussed, particularly the application of artificial intelligence for predictive maintenance and the development of environmentally sustainable tribological technologies. These developments provide a basis for identifying promising approaches for future research in wear control and tribological performance improvement.