Assessment of the Impact of Micronutrient Status on Female Reproductive Health in Subclinical Thyroid Dysfunction

Авторы

  • D.D. Zokirova Department of Hospital Therapy and Endocrinology, Andijan State Medical Institute Автор
  • Sh.Q. Yusupova Department of Hospital Therapy and Endocrinology, Andijan State Medical Institute Автор

Ключевые слова:

subclinical hypothyroidism, subclinical hyperthyroidism, thyroid dysfunction, micronutrients, selenium, zinc, iron, vitamin D, ovarian reserve, anti-Müllerian hormone, reproductive health, women

Аннотация

Subclinical thyroid dysfunction is a common endocrine disorder among women of reproductive age and may negatively affect menstrual function, ovarian reserve, fertility, and pregnancy outcomes. Micronutrients, particularly selenium, iron, zinc, and vitamin D, play essential roles in thyroid hormone synthesis, metabolism, antioxidant defense, and regulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian axis. However, the combined relationship between micronutrient status, thyroid function, reproductive hormonal profile, and ovarian reserve in women with subclinical thyroid dysfunction remains insufficiently studied. Objective. To assess the impact of micronutrient status on thyroid function, reproductive hormonal profile, ovarian reserve, and selected parameters of reproductive health in women of reproductive age with subclinical thyroid dysfunction. Materials and Methods. The study included women aged 18–40 years who were divided into three groups according to thyroid functional status: women with subclinical hypothyroidism, women with subclinical hyperthyroidism, and euthyroid controls. Thyroid status was assessed by serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (fT4), free triiodothyronine (fT3), anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies (anti-TPO), and anti-thyroglobulin antibodies (anti-TG). Reproductive hormonal assessment included follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol, progesterone, prolactin, and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH). Micronutrient status was evaluated by measuring selenium, iron, zinc, and vitamin D levels. Thyroid ultrasonography and pelvic ultrasound were performed to assess structural thyroid changes and ovarian morphology. Results. Women with subclinical thyroid dysfunction demonstrated alterations in micronutrient status compared with euthyroid controls. Reduced concentrations of selenium, iron, zinc, and vitamin D were associated with less favorable thyroid and reproductive hormonal profiles. In women with subclinical hypothyroidism, micronutrient deficiencies tended to be associated with higher TSH concentrations, disturbances in gonadotropin and prolactin levels, menstrual abnormalities, and lower markers of ovarian reserve. Alterations in thyroid function and micronutrient status were also associated with changes in AMH and ovarian ultrasound parameters. The relationship between micronutrient deficiency and reproductive dysfunction was more pronounced in women with concomitant thyroid autoimmunity. Conclusion. Micronutrient imbalance may represent an important modifying factor in the development of reproductive disorders in women with subclinical thyroid dysfunction. Assessment of selenium, iron, zinc, and vitamin D status together with thyroid and reproductive hormonal parameters may improve the identification of women at increased risk of impaired ovarian function and reduced reproductive potential.

NINE muqovasi

Загрузки

Опубликован

2026-11-02

Выпуск

Том 3 № 11 (2026): Ноябрь 2026

Раздел

Articles

Лицензия

Copyright (c) 2026 The author(s)

Лицензия Creative Commons

Это произведение доступно по лицензии Creative Commons «Attribution» («Атрибуция») 4.0 Всемирная.

Как цитировать

Assessment of the Impact of Micronutrient Status on Female Reproductive Health in Subclinical Thyroid Dysfunction. (2026). New Innovations in National Education, 3(11). https://reandpub.uz/nine/article/view/1340

Библиографические ссылки

Alexander EK, Pearce EN, Brent GA, Brown RS, Chen H, Dosiou C, et al. 2017 Guidelines of the American Thyroid Association for the diagnosis and management of thyroid disease during pregnancy and the postpartum. Thyroid. 2017;27(3):315–389. doi:10.1089/thy.2016.0457.

Biondi B, Cappola AR, Cooper DS. Subclinical hypothyroidism: a review. JAMA. 2019;322(2):153–160. doi:10.1001/jama.2019.9052.

Delitala AP, Capobianco G, Cherchi PL, Dessole S, Delitala G. Thyroid function and thyroid disorders during pregnancy: a review and care pathway. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2019;299(2):327–338. doi:10.1007/s00404-018-5018-8.

Rayman MP. Multiple nutritional factors and thyroid disease, with particular reference to autoimmune thyroid disease. Proc Nutr Soc. 2019;78(1):34–44. doi:10.1017/S0029665118001192.

Duntas LH. Selenium and the thyroid: a close-knit connection. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010;95(12):5180–5188. doi:10.1210/jc.2010-0191.

Zimmermann MB, Köhrle J. The impact of iron and selenium deficiencies on iodine and thyroid metabolism: biochemistry and relevance to public health. Thyroid. 2002;12(10):867–878. doi:10.1089/105072502761016494.

Muscogiuri G, Tirabassi G, Bizzaro G, Orio F, Paschou SA, Vryonidou A, et al. Vitamin D and thyroid disease: to D or not to D? Eur J Clin Nutr. 2015;69(3):291–296. doi:10.1038/ejcn.2014.265.

Krassas GE, Poppe K, Glinoer D. Thyroid function and human reproductive health. Endocr Rev. 2010;31(5):702–755. doi:10.1210/er.2009-0041.

Mintziori G, Kita M, Duntas L, Goulis DG. Consequences of hyperthyroidism in male and female fertility: pathophysiology and current management. J Endocrinol Invest. 2016;39(8):849–853. doi:10.1007/s40618-016-0452-6.

Poppe K, Velkeniers B, Glinoer D. Thyroid disease and female reproduction. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2007;66(3):309–321. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2007.02752.x.